A Recipe for Drawing Lewis Structures
- Determine the total number of valence electrons in the structure,
adding or subtracting electrons from ions, as necessary.
- Determine the atom with the lowest electronegativity (other than
hydrogen), this atom is generally the central atom in the structure.
Hydrogen is virtually always a terminal atom.
- Distribute the other atoms around the central atom. Place an
electron pair between each terminal atom and the central atom to form
a single bond.
- Distribute the remaining valence electrons around the terminal
atoms so that each has a complete octet.
- If valence electrons are still not used in the structure, place
them around the central atom to complete its octet.
- If, after all the valence electrons are distributed, the central
atom still lacks a complete octet, transform lone pairs on a terminal
atom into a multiple bond.
- Check that formal charges are either zero, or are as low as
possible.
- Check that only "acceptable" violations of the octet rule occur in
the structure.
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