BONDING--A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Mostly for atoms in the first (n=1) and second (n=2) periods
(resonance structures not included)
Please add your own notes and examples.
|
ATOM |
Valence/ e’s Needed |
Bonding? |
Bonding? |
Lone pairs? |
Formal Charge? |
|
H
|
1 1 more needed |
One single bond -H |
No multiple bonds |
Never! |
Zero |
|
F (Cl, Br, I)
|
7 1 more needed |
One single bond -F |
No multiple bonds |
Three |
Zero |
|
O (S)
|
6 2 more needed |
2 single bonds -O- FC = 0 |
1 double bond =O FC = 0 |
Two |
Single bond and 3 lone pairs for O -FC = -1 |
|
N
|
5 3 more needed |
3 single bonds and 1 lone pair |
1 single and 1 double with 1 lone pair |
1 triple bond with a lone pair |
1 lone pair, FC = 0 |
|
N+
|
4 single bonds, FC = +1 |
1 triple and 1 single bond, FC = +1 |
2 double bonds, FC = +1 |
0 lone pairs FC = +1 |
|
|
C
|
4 4 more needed |
4 single bonds |
2 single and 1 double bond |
Never!
(except CO) |
FC = 0 (almost always) |
|
C
|
2 double bonds |
1 triple and 1 single bond |
FC = 0 |